{
 "version": "v1",
 "generatedAt": "2026-10-15T21:09:14Z",
 "name": "USDtb (Ethena Labs)",
 "named_from": "dashboard",
 "chain": "Ethereum",
 "address": "0xc139190f447e929f090edeb554d95abb8b18ac1c",
 "composite": 2,
 "band": "critical",
 "keys_to_move": 1,
 "react_hours": 0,
 "money_per_key_usd": 475761824.2508642,
 "not_assessed": [],
 "sub": {
  "adminKeyScore": 5,
  "multisigScore": 0,
  "timelockScore": 0,
  "oracleAuthorityScore": 100,
  "crossExposureScore": 100
 },
 "requirements": [
  {
   "label": "Admin power is not a bare key",
   "met": false
  },
  {
   "label": "At least a 3-of-5 multisig",
   "met": false
  },
  {
   "label": "A confirmed delay before changes apply, no bypass",
   "met": false
  },
  {
   "label": "Bypass paths of the delay checked and ruled out",
   "met": false
  },
  {
   "label": "Price feed not under one hand",
   "met": true
  },
  {
   "label": "No key shared with another tracked protocol",
   "met": true
  }
 ],
 "exit_window": "none: a change applies at once",
 "tvl_usd": 475761824.2508642,
 "category": "RWA",
 "at_risk_usd": 466246587.76584697,
 "narrative": {
  "summary": "A single bare EOA - a real, actively-used key, not vanity-mined - holds both DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE and the ProxyAdmin owner() on a $483M stablecoin. No Safe, no Timelock, no DAO anywhere.",
  "tag": "critical: bare EOA on $483M",
  "detail": "The same EOA also independently holds admin on two other proxies (fUSD, aBTC) with negligible real usage, so those aren\u2019t scored as their own targets - but the blast radius is real. Genuinely inconsistent within Ethena\u2019s own infrastructure: USDtb\u2019s own PSM (next card) migrated from a Safe to a real 24h Timelock on 2026-07-13; this token\u2019s upgrade authority never got the same treatment."
 },
 "score_account": null,
 "paused": null,
 "side_roles": null,
 "side_pending": null,
 "safe_activity": null,
 "admin_probe": null,
 "held": null,
 "dispute": null,
 "independent_read_reproduce": {
  "rpc": "https://ethereum-rpc.publicnode.com",
  "steps": [
   {
    "what": "the admin slot of the proxy (EIP-1967): the word is the admin address",
    "method": "eth_getStorageAt",
    "params": [
     "0xc139190f447e929f090edeb554d95abb8b18ac1c",
     "0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103",
     "latest"
    ]
   },
   {
    "what": "owner() on the address the slot returned (a ProxyAdmin): the holder",
    "method": "eth_call",
    "params": [
     {
      "to": "<address from the slot>",
      "data": "0x8da5cb5b"
     },
     "latest"
    ]
   },
   {
    "what": "eth_getCode on the holder: 0x means a plain key",
    "method": "eth_getCode",
    "params": [
     "<holder>",
     "latest"
    ]
   },
   {
    "what": "the implementation slot of the proxy (EIP-1967): the code behind it, an upgrade changes this word",
    "method": "eth_getStorageAt",
    "params": [
     "0xc139190f447e929f090edeb554d95abb8b18ac1c",
     "0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc",
     "latest"
    ]
   },
   {
    "what": "eth_getTransactionCount on the holder: how many transactions this key has sent (13 at the read)",
    "method": "eth_getTransactionCount",
    "params": [
     "<holder>",
     "latest"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "curl": "# the admin slot of the proxy (EIP-1967): the word is the admin address\ncurl -s -X POST https://ethereum-rpc.publicnode.com -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"eth_getStorageAt\",\"params\":[\"0xc139190f447e929f090edeb554d95abb8b18ac1c\",\"0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103\",\"latest\"]}'\n# owner() on the address the slot returned (a ProxyAdmin): the holder\ncurl -s -X POST https://ethereum-rpc.publicnode.com -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"eth_call\",\"params\":[{\"to\":\"<address from the slot>\",\"data\":\"0x8da5cb5b\"},\"latest\"]}'\n# eth_getCode on the holder: 0x means a plain key\ncurl -s -X POST https://ethereum-rpc.publicnode.com -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"eth_getCode\",\"params\":[\"<holder>\",\"latest\"]}'\n# the implementation slot of the proxy (EIP-1967): the code behind it, an upgrade changes this word\ncurl -s -X POST https://ethereum-rpc.publicnode.com -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"eth_getStorageAt\",\"params\":[\"0xc139190f447e929f090edeb554d95abb8b18ac1c\",\"0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc\",\"latest\"]}'\n# eth_getTransactionCount on the holder: how many transactions this key has sent (13 at the read)\ncurl -s -X POST https://ethereum-rpc.publicnode.com -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"eth_getTransactionCount\",\"params\":[\"<holder>\",\"latest\"]}'",
  "block": "latest",
  "note": "read between blocks 26199869 and 26199870 of the chain; this RPC cannot replay the block of the read (it ignores the block tag, or no longer serves old state): the answers are the current ones"
 },
 "history": [
  {
   "t": "2026-10-13T01:45:10Z",
   "composite": 2,
   "from": "push"
  }
 ],
 "feed": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RealSpap/authority-risk-oracle-showcase/watch-data/feed/ethereum-l1-sepolia/0xc139190f447e929f090edeb554d95abb8b18ac1c.xml",
 "reproduce": {
  "rpc": "https://ethereum-sepolia-rpc.publicnode.com",
  "to": "0xB6F8474ccC71AF477c31c2DF663B3942ddfbf906",
  "data": "0xd47875d0000000000000000000000000c139190f447e929f090edeb554d95abb8b18ac1c",
  "block": "0xb5eb8d",
  "composite_word": 6,
  "block_honoured": true,
  "note": null,
  "curl": "curl -s -X POST https://ethereum-sepolia-rpc.publicnode.com -H 'content-type: application/json' -d '{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"eth_call\",\"params\":[{\"to\":\"0xB6F8474ccC71AF477c31c2DF663B3942ddfbf906\",\"data\":\"0xd47875d0000000000000000000000000c139190f447e929f090edeb554d95abb8b18ac1c\"},\"0xb5eb8d\"]}'"
 },
 "consumer_example": {
  "verdict": "zero",
  "collateral_factor_bps": 0,
  "text": "collateral factor 0 (score 2 is under MIN_SAFE_SCORE 60)"
 },
 "cheapest_fix": {
  "band": "weak",
  "next": 20,
  "axis": "admin key",
  "from": 5,
  "to": 49,
  "what": "a stronger admin setup (admin power spread beyond one key, or checked by others)"
 },
 "main_gap": {
  "requirement": "Admin power is not a bare key",
  "reason": "One key, or a tiny group, can change it"
 },
 "independent_read": {
  "path": "EIP-1967 admin -&gt; ProxyAdmin owner()",
  "holder": "0xd938\u20263956",
  "pending_admin": null,
  "pending_via": null,
  "self_delay_seconds": null,
  "kind": "eoa",
  "since": "2026-10-10T06:54:09Z",
  "posture": "admin: a plain key, 13 transactions sent; delay: none",
  "exposure": {
   "keys_to_move": 1,
   "react_hours": 0,
   "tvl_usd": 475761824.2508642,
   "money_per_key_usd": 475761824.2508642,
   "money_source": "protocol_tvl",
   "held_symbol": null,
   "held_amount": null
  }
 },
 "score_cluster": null,
 "last_pushed": 1791855910,
 "stale": false,
 "methodology_hash": "0x46a1a85b619e7db0f81e543674e8aa0a3a1afba36b7500fe2cb256e0024db645",
 "block": 11922317,
 "live": "https://realspap.github.io/oracle/#chain=all&q=0xc139190f447e929f090edeb554d95abb8b18ac1c",
 "page": "https://realspap.github.io/oracle/p/ethereum-l1-0xc139190f447e929f090edeb554d95abb8b18ac1c.html",
 "license": "CC BY 4.0, attribution: Authority Risk Oracle, realspap.github.io/oracle"
}